Showing posts with label disciplinary. Show all posts
Showing posts with label disciplinary. Show all posts

28 July 2016

RFL Disciplinary Process: Is it too lenient?

Here we are with the final instalment of my 'Disciplinary Trilogy'.

As you may have already read, I've compiled a comprehensive break down of every disciplinary panel charge made against a Super League player from the start of 2010 up to the weekend of Round 22 2016 - or at least every available charge*.  I started from 2010 as that is when the current version of the on field sentencing guidelines - or something very much like it - came in.

I'll be clear. This isn't a review of individual decisions or of individual offences. It's a review of whether the punishments handed out are generally a bit light.

One thing I've argued before is that the punishments handed out by the tribunal are too lenient. The data I'm about to present, I feel, backs up this opinion.

In more than 400 charges over six years of cases, only once has a case been given a higher grading by the tribunal than recommended by the Match Review Panel. This is compared to 13 cases where a charge has been downgraded.

Also only once has a case been given a ban higher than the recommended range for the grade charged. Compare this to 17 cases where the ban given has been below the recommended range for the grade charged.

Furthermore, almost four in five cases (79%) over the entire period see the ban imposed on an offender be at the bottom end of the recommended range or below. That compares to 3% of mid-range bans (only possible on Grade D and above charges, A is 0-1 games, B is 1-2, C is 2-3, D is 3-5, E is 4-8, F is 8+), and 17% at the top of the normal ban range or above.

This should all be viewed with the backdrop that 79% of charges come out at Grade A or B (once revised), so at the lower end of the available scale for a starter. That goes up to 94% for Grades A-C.

It's worth noting that EGP's came in from 2012 and account for almost half the charges since then (49%), but they could be argued as part of the problem that the system is too lenient. Adjusting for them 64.6% of cases that the Tribunal considered still came in at the bottom of the grade range or below. Only 29.5% were the top end or above in the EGP period, leaving 5.9% falling in the middle of a ban range.

When higher grades are given, on those rare occasions, there is a movement towards higher bans within the normal range. Although not at the top of the range, really serious offences do get serious punishments.

However, the system seems clearly skewed towards leniency. More charges at the bottom end of the scale suggests a light touch approach to discipline, but doesn't quite demonstrate leniency. The amount of bans at the bottom end of the grade scale or below, and the amount of downgrading compared to upgrading, do demonstrate leniency.

If there wasn't leniency bias in the system, you'd expect a similar amount of top of grade range bans as bottom of grade range bans. You'd expect the same amount of charges upgraded as downgraded. That we don't see this is clear demonstration of a skew towards a lenient handling of cases by the Tribunal. And that's without highlighting any individual cases.

Hopefully down the way we'll see it more than just once that aggravating factors mean higher bans than the normal range. Or we'll see a serial offender get pinned for being reckless, or maybe even intentional, rather than just careless, based on track record.

I hope you've found this read informative and make sure you check out my last two posts on the topic too. Let us know your thoughts and don't forget to listen to the show and tell your friends about SLP.

Mark
SLP

(*when I say every charge, I mean in Super League or Challenge Cup games, but unfortunately excluding the 2015 Super 8s as they don't show in the search filters on RFL website at time of writing, and missing any other errors or omissions from the records)

27 July 2016

RFL Disciplinary - Is there a 'Big' club bias?

I'm back and on that favourite of topics again - the RFL disciplinary.

Bias in the system was the first thing I ever looked at for one of my blogs. What kicked me off was actually Wigan fans suggesting that Wigan were on the rough end of systematic bias against them. Although I'm a very passionate Wigan fan, I felt the need to take an objective look and see if the feelings some fans had were merited.

Funny then that now, almost four years later, I'm looking into whether there's any bias from a starting point at the exact other end of things.

Listeners to SLP will know I'm fairly fed up with the notion popularised by many fans of an RFL bias towards the so called 'Big clubs' when it comes to matters of discipline. Largely in recent times that's focussed on Wigan - be it Sean O'Loughlin, Taulima Tautai or Josh Charnley, Wigan's recent trips to Red Hall of a weekday evening have been talked about plenty.

Again, I've tried to conduct an objective review, to see if these views of 'Big club bias' and 'Wigan running the RFL' are merited.

The table below shows a comprehensive break down of every charge made against a Super League player from the start of 2010 up to the weekend of Round 22 2016*. I'll go over some of the headline figures below, the table might not show up great on the blog so head over to our Facebook page for a larger version. I start in 2010 as that is when the current version of the on field sentencing guidelines - or something very much like it - came in.

(*when I say every charge, I mean in Super League or Challenge Cup games, but unfortunately excluding the 2015 Super 8s as they don't show in the search filters on RFL website at time of writing, and missing any other errors or omissions from the records)

So, is there a big club bias? Well first I need to understand who are the 'Big' clubs. 

Obviously people use this term to mean Wigan and Leeds. They are the best attended and the most successful clubs in the 2010-2016 time period I'm looking at. St Helens have been very successful throughout the Super League era and are pretty well attended too - although I don't see 'big club bias' attached to their name too much, lets assume they're a big club. Hull FC and Warrington are the only other current Super League sides to win major finals in the Super League era and to regularly draw five-figure gates, so lets say they're big clubs too.

Huddersfield have a fairly recent League Leaders Shield and been runners up in the Cup in recent memory, but then crowds aren't great and they're in the Qualifiers this year, so let's assume medium size for them. Catalan have had a Cup final appearance and get reasonable gates so we'll lump them in there as well. Castleford and Hull KR on similar criteria might just be medium sized too - although both have missed some of the Super League years, just like the other two in this group. Bradford can also fit in here - they can't beat part-timers now but they were massive once upon a time, not so long ago.

That leaves London, Salford, Wakefield and Widnes as the small clubs - because to have big clubs you must have small ones, otherwise they'd all be normal sized! But seriously, by most metrics they must be what people mean in the big/small club divide. Oh, and League 1 Crusaders, though with so few charges from their Super League run (something ain't right in the RFL website data there) they're barely relevant to this review, so I won't mention them again.

So:
BIG - Hull FC, Leeds, St Helens, Warrington, Wigan
MEDIUM - Bradford, Castleford, Catalan, Huddersfield, Hull KR
SMALL - London, Salford, Wakefield, Widnes

The clubs with the most charges in the period are:
1. Catalan (Medium) - 52
2. Hull KR (Medium) - 40
3. Leeds (Big) - 38

The clubs with the fewest, that have played in all 7 seasons (i.e. not Bradford, Widnes or London), are:
1. St Helens (Big) - 22
2= Wakefield (Small) - 29
2= Huddersfield (Medium) - 29
The overall 'Guilty' verdict average across all 438 charges is 93%.
Clubs with above 93% of guilty charges:
Castleford (Medium) - 97%, Catalan (Medium) - 94%, Huddersfield (Medium) - 97%, Leeds (Big) - 95%, Salford (Small) - 95%, St Helens (Big) 95%, Widnes (Small) - 95%, Wigan (Big) - 94%

Clubs with below 93% of guilty charges:
Bradford (Medium) - 89%, Hull FC (Big) - 90%, Hull KR (Medium) - 90%, London (Small) - 86%, Wakefield (Small) - 91%

Warrington (Big) have 93%

Across all 409 guilty verdicts, 4% of bans are below the normal grade range, 75% are at the bottom of the normal range, 4% in the middle of the range somewhere and 17% are at the top of the normal grade range or above. (normal ban ranges are: Grade A is 0-1 games, B is 1-2, C is 2-3, D is 3-5, E is 4-8, F is 8+)
Warrington (Big) have seen the most bans below the normal range - 11% (Wigan are actually the only 'Big' club with less than 4% - meaning they're less likely than average to get a cushy lower ban handed to them).
Castleford (Medium), London (Small) and Widnes (Small) have had no bans below the normal range (Another 'small' club Wakefield do have 6% bans below the normal range - the only 'small' club to be above 4%, so more cushy lower bans than average).

Wigan (Big) and Catalan (Medium) both have 65% of bans at the bottom end of the normal range, the joint lowest figure - meaning they get fewer lenient bans than are given out to any of the small clubs. 
Hull FC (Big), St Helens (Big) and Widnes (Small) all get the lowest normal ban most - 86% of the time.

Castleford (Medium) get the maximum normal ban most - 28% of the time - followed by Wigan (Big) 26% and Catalan (Medium) 24%.
Widnes (Small) get the maximum ban the least - 5% of the time - followed by Huddersfield (Medium) and Hull FC (Big) on 7%.

It does appear that on average the five 'Big' clubs get more charges downgraded, although it's 'Small' Salford who've had the most charges downgraded by the Tribunal. It does also appears that the 'Big' clubs get more punishments below the normal ban range, although this is skewed somewhat by 'Big' Warrington having three of 17 such cases. With such cases, though, we're talking small volumes.
With the larger volume 'bottom of normal range or below' and 'top of normal range or above' categories, the 'Big' clubs are just about more likely on average to get more of the softer punishments, but they're also quite a bit more likely to get more of the tougher punishments than 'Small' clubs too. Trust me, this does make sense when you notice Wigan are the only one of the 'Big' clubs to have had a mid-range ban handed to them, when smaller clubs like Widnes and London had a few of those.

What of appeals? Well there haven't been loads, so there's no firm conclusions to take away, but as a group the 'Big' clubs are more likely to make an appeal and more likely then to see success. I probably put this down more to making sure they have a better handle on the process rather than the process being biased towards them.
I would explain that success doesn't mean a guilty decision was overturned - in all but one case the success was only partial, in that there was a reduced ban but not a complete overturning of the decision. For the sake of colour, I'll also add that three of Wigan's six appeals have been made this season, and both partial successes were this year too - Flower and Tautai had bans reduced on appeal. I can't say there's a 'big club bias' from appeals though. The numbers are fairly low and the teams with the best success rates (Bradford, Hull FC, London and Warrington) come from all across the club size scale. 

In conclusion, I'm not convinced from looking into charges over this lengthy period that there is any evidence of a 'Big' club bias. The spread of guilty charges, lenient punishments, lengthy bans and successful appeals cuts across all clubs. 

'Small' clubs are slightly less likely to get a guilty charge than larger sized clubs. 'Big' clubs are slightly more likely to get a lenient punishment at the tribunal, although it's 'Medium' clubs that fare worse than 'Small' clubs in this regard. 'Medium' clubs will also get more top-end bans, with 'Big' clubs also more likely to see lengthy bans than the 'Small' ones. 'Big' clubs do have more success when appealing decisions. 

There is one firm conclusion I can make from the data though - the disciplinary process errs on the side of low grades and lenient punishments. That will be the subject of my next blog post.

As always, thanks for reading and I hope this has been informative. And don't forget to listen to the show every week and tell your friends about SLP.

Mark
SLP

16 July 2016

Rip It Up And Start Again: The RFL Disciplinary Process

I've researched and written about this loads in my time as a blogger and podcaster. Each time I think I've gained more understanding of how things work.

I've got some things wrong in the past, or had my views change and evolve. One thing I'm certain of though is the system isn't fit for purpose. It hasn't moved with the times and its also held back by other aspects of the way our game is run not moving on either.

It might be a good idea to start the whole thing from stage one. Forget the past. Write off what has been in place for as long as I've known it. Put something new in place that better reflects the modern views on player welfare and what is or isn't a serious offence.

Let me make this clear, this isn't about the Sean O'Loughlin tackle (I'm a Wigan fan so at least 11/12ths of you will disregard my opinion anyway), but that whole issue has encouraged me to write about the disciplinary again.

So, as I've said, I'd scrap the old system altogether and bring in a new one. I would change the types of offences, the scale of grading, the level of punishments. I would, as much as is fair, limit the amount of incidents reviewed where no action is taken at all. Here goes...

Type of offence
This is the categorisation I would use in my new world order (n.b. list may be incomplete, and there would be room to add other specific offences that I've missed or start to occur).

Type A - Dangerous Contact

  • (Aa) High Tackle
  • (Ab) Shoulder Charge
  • (Ac) Eye Gouge
  • (Ad) Chicken Wing / Ankle Twist
  • (Ae) Cannonball / Attacking Knees
  • (Af) Crusher / Undue Pressure On Neck
  • (Ag) Lift / Throw
  • (Ah) Late hit
  • (Az) Other Dangerous Contact

Type B - Fighting/Striking

  • (Ba) Fighting / Punching
  • (Bb) Use Of Forearm / Elbow
  • (Bc) Raising Knees
  • (Bd) Tripping
  • (Be) Kick / Stamp
  • (Bf) Headbutt
  • (Bz) Other Fighting/Striking

Type C - Other non-contact offences

  • (Ca) Dissent
  • (Cb) Foul / Abusive Language
  • (Cc) Contact With An Official
The specific offences should be outlined in the laws of the game as being illegal and have examples of these offences for players, coaches and fans to reference. It should be made clear that this isn't a limit to the offences and anything previously unspecified can come under the (z) options.

Grading scale
I would get rid of the ABC etc. grading system and introduce a simplified three level structure. I would be keen for it to include cautions in this scale and would also be keen to see more cautions handed out. Too many cases where on another day an injury could have resulted in the disciplinary archives have no charge, saying something like: 
  • "Tackle is high. Player is reaching. Worthy of on field penalty."
  • "Level of force used is not overly excessive."
  • "Player is lifted beyond the horizontal but lands safely."
If the sport wants to get serious on player welfare and cut out dangerous tackles with potential for serious injury, the disciplinary process needs to show more effort to punish poor technique that increases the risks that already exist in our physical collision sport.

My scale would be:

Level 1 - Caution for an offence made that did not warrant a ban/fine
Level 2 - Offence that warrants low level ban/fine
Level 3 - Offence that warrants high level ban/fine

I would also want to impose a 'quality check', so that week's tribunal will assess a random selection of cases that the match review panel (MRP) have seen as 'no charge' cases. If they would have imposed a ban for the action considered, the MRP will fail quality. The MRP would then be required to reconsider every case considered from the game with the 'fail', with any new charges to be heard at the following week's tribunal.

Level of punishments
I'm in favour of a system that punishes physical offences with potential for serious injury with a higher ban, and other types of offences with a higher fine. I'm not saying the other offences are less serious, quite the contrary really - I'm saying they ones with potential to injure are more serious.

Level 1 grading:
These would only warrant cautions, but if a player had three cautions for the same type of offence in any rolling 6 month period they should be given an automatic 1 match ban. This would apply to each of the three types of offence.

Level 2 grading:
For Type A offences these would have a ban range of 1 to 5 games and a fine of £300. All cases would start at a 3 game ban, with the final ban imposed by the tribunal being decided by aggregating the mitigating and aggravating factors that apply. I'm happy with the factors currently given in the rules, but just would like them to go both ways and increase as well as decrease bans.
For Type B offences I would change the ban range to 0-4 games, starting at 2 games as default before factors are considered. £300 fine. I would qualify that I expect this type of offence to be more readily picked up and punished in-game, so that's why I'm starting from a lower ban range on review.
For Type C offences the ban range would fall again to 0-3 games but still start at 2. Fine would be £500.

Level 3 grading:
For Type A ban range of 4 games up to a time period ban. Default starting point would be 7 games, with factors then considered for final ban - here's where 'other aggravating factors' might have a big role to play. £500 fine.
For Type B, the range would be 3 games upwards, starting at 5 games before factors are aggregated. £500 fine.
For Type C it would also be minimum 3 games upwards, and start at 5 too before considering other factors. The fine would be a minimum £750, but could also be increased based on any aggravating factors.

An obstacle to my idea
If I was in any position to have the powers that be consider my ideas, I'm sure there would be friction from the clubs and players at the idea of more games being missed through suspensions.

One solution would be a bigger salary cap that would allow a bigger squad to be bought - I'm not an advocate of removing the cap, but I would be looking to increase it. This isn't about the cap, just a note on how the current cap level would be an obstacle to my ideas as if more games are missed through bans, you need a bigger squad to cover that. For what it's worth though, a salary cap of £2.75m (that also actually increases by some sort of measure, be that average RPI/CPI or average wage inflation), with a marquee player allowance taking the full wage of the highest paid player off that cap total, is what I would go for.

That's where my mind is at on the disciplinary at the moment anyway. I'm sure it'll change in the future, but right now I'm convinced that the system has to take a harder line on cases where the possibility of injury is increased by poor technique and execution. I don't want to hang any players or clubs out to dry, but we need to prioritise the welfare of the current and future stars of our game.

Mark
SLP

30 May 2015

Referees and Penalties

The men with the whistles are talked about far too often in our great game these days - so lets talk about them some more!

The officials make hundreds of decisions every game, and we at SLP haven't the time to go over them all. But there are a couple of things we can pull out from the numbers we already collate each week, and we've decided to do that.

Appointments of referees is one thing we can look at. Another is penalties - of all the easily available stats, this is the most controlled by the officials, as they have to give them (other than kick offs out on the full, which give themselves). The other one is cards handed out.

What follows will be a load of tables with a few comments. We hope you find them interesting.

Referee appointments
The above table shows the distribution of refereeing appointments across the first 15 rounds of Super League XX (minus the two missing games from round 11).

One clear take away from this is that experience isn't deemed necessary to take charge of Wakefield games, games which are obviously below our higher profile referees. Phil Bentham and Ben Thaler haven't looked after any Wakefield Super League games and Richard Silverwood has only done one. In contrast, Robert Hicks - the newest full time ref on the panel - and the part time refs elevated from the Championship have done 11 of the Wildcats 14 games so far. More than half the part time ref's games have featured Wakefield.

With Wakefield taking most of the part time ref games, it hasn't left any opportunity for them to control games featuring Warrington at all.

No one ref has had any side more than four times though, so there has been a fair bit of spreading them around. The teams and refs that see each other most are worth keeping an eye on - Silverwood having three sides he has seen four times in Hull FC, Leeds and Wigan.

Penalties
The above shows how many penalties have been given against home teams and away teams.

It doesn't come as a great surprise that away teams tend to be penalised more heavily than home sides, on average having one more penalty blown on visiting sides than on home sides. The conventional wisdom in much writing on the topic is that one of the main driving factors of home advantage is pressure on referees.

What is interesting to note is the more experienced refs that have more Super League games under their belts are more likely to favour the home side in the penalty count than the away side. Hicks is the only full time ref to give more penalties for the away side than against them. Matt Thomason is the only part time ref that doesn't average the away side being on the wrong end of the penalties.

Something to take from this is that there tends to be more home fans at games than away fans. When home fans are on the wrong end of the count they tend to be more critical of the referee, or make more accusations of some invented bias. The up and coming refs might be putting more pressure on themselves by getting the home fans against them. Then again, they might be showing the strength of their convictions. Of course, its also a smaller sample size from them to draw meaningful conclusions from.
The above table shows penalties each ref gives against each team, per game they've taken.

There are a few takeaways here. You can almost pick out one in each column and row.
  • What do Leeds know about James Child's interpretations that no one else appears to, and wouldn't St Helens love to know it too!
  • What are Salford getting so wrong when Bentham is in town? He averages 5.6 penalties per side, per game but blew 10 on Salford in one game - nearly double his average.
  • Silverwood is the games happiest whistle blower in 2015. He averages over 15 per game. But Warrington seem to have got the hang of him in their three games under his watch.
  • Hicks isn't afraid to get the whistle out, but Huddersfield must really not want to see him, whereas Leeds have the hang of him too.
  • Salford will be happiest to not have to see Tim Roby any more.
  • Catalan will be much happier to see Thaler in town than St Helens.
  • Thomason is pretty consitstent across all the teams he's reffed.
  • Catalan in general appear to have a better handle on their discipline this year, but especially so when Thaler is in the middle.
  • Huddersfield are the only team than get 11 penalties per game from two refs, but they seem to manage better when Child is in town.
  • Bentham must have a soft spot for (or fear of) Hull because both the city clubs do a bit better on the count when he is in charge than they generally do.
  • The average per team per game is 6.9 penalties, but Leeds are managing to avoid this from all refs but Silverwood - the ref they've had the most, but 7.5 is still below his per team per game average. They are the only team to have more than two refs blow under 5 penalties per game on them. They've got their discipline and understanding of the interpretations down better than most others.
  • Salford and St Helens are as consistent as Leeds but the other way round, both giving away generally above average penalties, no matter the ref.
  • Saints are the league's worst offenders for giving away penalties but it isn't helping that the three refs they've seen the most also have given the most penalties against them. Interestingly as they are second to Leeds but each have an entirely different penalty record.
  • Warrington, like Leeds, appear to have got it right no matter who the ref is, as the generally give away below average penalties.
  • What is Bentham seeing in Widnes and Wigan that the others aren't. His per game counts on them are the two lowest around for two teams that otherwise are very much average at conceding penalties in 2015. Maybe Bentham is trying to make up for the penalties he gave Brisbane in Wigan's World Club Series game eh?

Cards
The table above shows what cards have been handed out by each referee and the table below shows which teams have been on the end of their sin-binnings.

Just as with penalties, Silverwood, Hicks and Child are the dishing out the most punishments. The refs making the jump from the Championship ranks haven't handed out a single card in their Super League games - they must have worn them out on Leigh!

Wigan have been the worst offenders for yellow cards so far and they make up four of Silverwood's twelve. They need to sharpen up their discipline in games he refs as he's shown his willingness to dish out the punishments. Salford have upset the widest range of refs, with four different officials showing their players cards.
Of the 41 cards handed out in Super League XX, 13 came in the opening two rounds. 21 have been given in televised games.

We hope this has given you some insight into what has gone on around the referees. These guys do a difficult job and without them we wouldn't have a game.

Give them what you've got from the terraces, but stop and think before you resort to social media to have a go at them - they're all fairly consistent in what they're giving against all teams and I bet you they make less mistakes per involvement in the game than every single player in every single game.

As always, thanks for reading and feel free to leave your comments - and don''t forget, give our show a listen!

Mark
SLP

5 April 2015

Shooting high

We've had loads of talk about high shots this season, particularly after it all kicked off with Patrick Ah Van's opening night send off.

I've discussed a list of offences that would be penalties up to send offs. It's going to be difficult to illustrate them with examples so feel free to put examples forward. (*I note that this intentionally fails to cover other striking offences like punching or shoulder charges which I see as separate to high tackles)

There are a number of factors that tend to be referred to in the disciplinary write ups or if you hear the on field officials justifying a decision:
Open hand or closed fist
Reaching/grabbing or swinging arm
Direct head contact or secondary contact off the ball/shoulder/chest
Full body to aim tackle at or opponent dipping or stepping in to contact

These have to be the types of things you look at when coming up with a list, as well as the 'careless, reckless or intentional' classifications.

Rarely do we see a high shot considered to be intentional. When it does happen these have to be punished by a send off. Often it's fair to say most are careless. It's not really fair to punish these with anything more than a penalty and maybe a caution or Grade A charge from the MRP from time to time. Most of the red or yellow offences below would fall into the 'reckless' group of trying to make a tackle but being reckless about the outcome.

So how would my list look for on field incidents?

Red
Direct head contact, swinging arm, closed fist, full body to aim at

Yellow
Direct head contact, swinging arm, open hand, full body to aim at
Secondary contact, swinging arm, closed fist, full body to aim at
Direct head contact, swinging arm, closed fist, opponent dipping or stepping
Direct head contact, reaching/grabbing, closed fist, full body to aim at

Penalty only
Direct head contact, reaching/grabbing, open hand, opponent dipping or stepping
Secondary contact, swinging arm, open hand, opponent dipping/stepping
Secondary contact, reaching/grabbing, open hand, full body to aim at

A simple way of looking at it is anything incidental but high is a penalty, anything forceful and high is a sin bin and anything high and nasty is a send off. My justification for having such a narrow send off category is a red card can be a massive moment in a fixture and the game is so fast and so tough that it's hard for clear cut decisions to be made by officials on the fly. We have a review process that can pay more attention to any incidents that deserve more scrutiny.

I would be more inclined to see bigger bans across the piece to players guilty of head shots than necessarily more send offs in pressure situations. The bar for grading punches or shoulder charges is set higher than high shots. I understand why as one is more rare and often a deliberate act and the other happens plenty and is often incidental, but we do need to start at Grade B for more head shots so that bans are handed out more and it forces players and coaches to rethink their methods.

Let me know what you think? Am I being too soft on the red card front? Are there other ways of defining them that I've missed?

As always, thanks for reading and we love hearing from you so do get in touch. Any good comments will also get coverage on the show.

Mark
SLP

16 October 2014

2014 Disciplinary Review

The disciplinary review process is something we have written about before. This piece is a review of the outcomes and some of the controversies that have been thrown up by this process during the 2014 Super League season.

We have been reviewing all the cases considered by the Match Review Panel - hereafter referred to as the Panel - and decisions made by the Operational Rules Tribunal - hereafter referred to as the Tribunal - this season that relate to Super League players (this was task enough in itself without looking through the other leagues and academy fixtures!).

Before we get started, we would note that the RFL are pretty good about being open and clear about their process and guidelines around the disciplinary - you can read all you need to know on the 'Disciplinary' section of their website including who will be on the panel and the guidelines the panel and tribunal should look to follow, they should be credited for this. Without this open resource we wouldn't be in a position to undertake this review.

In total 624 cases involving Super League players were considered by the Panel in 2014. 538 of those were in Super League regular season games, 32 were in Super League playoff series games and 54 were in Challenge Cup games.

Bias
Something we often hear about is bias - towards/against certain regions, certain clubs or certain players. In previous work I've done I've come to the conclusion that this doesn't exist (certainly on the first two counts, I've not really considered the third in detail before). However, I don't suppose the accusations will ever go away.

Table 1 below summarises the data on a team by team basis from the Super League regular season, the only place you can make any like for like comparisons as in the other competitions not all teams played the same amount of games against the same opponents. I've included the 'disciplinary' calls made in game by the officials as well as those made later by the panel and tribunal.
It isn't surprising that by and large the teams who incur the most penalties also end up with the most cases being reviewed by the panel as they will be the ones most frequently being seen to break the rules. This trend is generally followed on to the teams who get the most charges and the most bans.

The anomalies here were Castleford, who ranked low for in game offences but high in the number of games their players missed through suspensions (thanks largely to Justin 'taxi to Red Hall' Carney), and Huddersfield, who were third in penalties and joint first in cases reviewed but had the least number of games lost through suspension.

Neither of these two anomalies suggest bias of any order though to me - the RFL only tend to be biased towards Wigan or Leeds and against every supporters' own club is my general understanding from the normal guff you see on social media and message boards. The often alleged 'Yorkshire Bias' also appears to sadly not sit true as the split in the cases, charges and bans is pretty evenly split between Yorkshire and non-Yorkshire clubs.

Catalan may have some point to their suggestion that they are treated more harshly that other teams, but they do give away the most penalties and only getting around two-thirds of their possible bans maybe balances that argument a little.

Overview
Something interesting to discuss from the above table is that there were 70 charges but only 7 sendings off in the 2014 regular season. Does that indicate our match officials are too lenient in game situations? This isn't a question I intend to answer here, but one worth posing.

Could it also be argued that the Tribunal are too lenient as well? After all, they only handed out suspensions that amounted to just over half the tariff the offence gradings would allow. 35 accepted Early Guilty Pleas contributed, but only 11 charges all season have resulted in the maximum possible ban. Do the match officials and the tribunal go too easily on offenders? The numbers seem to suggest they do.

Table 2 below breaks cases down by the type of incident being considered. This table includes data on all cases from all competitions.
The most checked over incidents were for possible dangerous contact offences, making up around a third of all panel cases, but only leading to 19 charges.

High tackles were the next most looked at, although only 6% of these were seen to not be penalty sufficient or less, yet where there was a charge it tended to be at the higher end of the scale. Similar results can be seen for dangerous throw offences, an area that has been under particular scrutiny in 2014 after the Alex McKinnon tragic accident in the NRL.

Of the most commonly occurring offences, striking offences most often resulted in charges. Many of these related to punching or fighting so would be fairly clear cut charges you would think.

Interestingly the highest punished offences were those directly on match officials. Only two such cases were seen - a negative that there were even that many in my eyes - and both saw charges. 91% of the possible game suspensions were levied from these charges.

Another interesting observation is that only two charges resulted from incidents considered from playoff games, both of which were from the Grand Final, if you weren't aware!

Data errors
This may sound like a small insignificant matter, but one thing that really struck me looking over the data is how poorly it is compiled.

Without looking too closely I was still able to find 33 different errors and inconsistencies in the recording of the disciplinary cases that actually affected the records of almost a quarter of all cases.

The mistakes ranged from mis-spelling club and player names to duplicating case reference numbers and not providing details on cases.

Now hopefully the online records aren't fully reflective of the RFL records of the hearings. If they are, the records that the RFL might use to look for previous offences are seriously flawed for some teams and players. (If anyone at the RFL reads this and wants a full list of the errors we found then get in touch)

DVD inconclusive
One of my biggest gripes with this process is cases where the panel make no referral on the grounds that the DVD footage of the incident is inconclusive, usually to the nature or point of contact.

I'm not for saying that if the DVD doesn't prove innocence then charge them, but I do feel that if there is any doubt from what has been seen that they aren't truly innocent of an offence then a caution should be issued and then next time around the same player for the same type of offence isn't awarded such benefit of the doubt.

I do think it is quite remarkable that in the 624 cases reviewed the panel felt they could make a confident call either way on roughly 95% of them, only citing DVD footage as being inconclusive in 35 cases.

Only three of those inconclusive cases resulted in a caution being issued. This inconsistency is something we will move on to as we look at the approach taken in individual and similar cases.

Cases
Now we turn to something I've never really written about before - consistency between individual cases.

With video footage sometimes being hard to come by it can be hard to do this but I will try my best to put something sensible and rational together (red card offences and fights tend to be a bit easier to find video of on YouTube - although we should all get to see the footage of every case reviewed on the RFL website in my opinion!).

I will first comment on some specific instances or similar offences where I would question the outcome. I will then move on to some of the cases people have flagged to us that they were unhappy about.
Scott Grix - Grade B but no ban
I'll start with one that makes no sense to me whatsoever. Scott Grix was charged with a Grade B offence of kicking out at his opponent (light contact with the opponent's head - Case ON/137/14) which normally carries a 1 to 2 game ban if found guilty at the tribunal. Grix was found guilty and fined the standard £300 but received no ban, on account of a guilty plea, showing remorse to his opponent and having a good record.

Normally you would expect that these mitigating factors would help reduce the ban to the lower end of the normal range, so it is surprising that they mitigated the entire ban. What makes it most surprising for me is that Scott Grix had been formally cautioned for a similar offence only a year earlier (Case ON/49/13). How that transpires to him having a good record is beyond me. A player with a relatively recent history of the same offence should not get such benefit of their record being clean in my opinion.

The tribunal were aware of this previous offence and still chose to go outside the recommended range, which I feel is inconsistent with other charges. There have been some Grade B guilty offences where no ban was handed out for similar reasons, but in those cases there was no recent caution (James Roby ON/484/14). If I were players like Michael Lawrence (ON/136/14), Chev Walker (ON/135/14) or Taulima Tautai (ON/755/14) found guilty of other Grade B offences with similar mitigating circumstance and no previous caution for the same offence as charged then I would feel a little aggrieved that I wasn't treated with the same leniency Scott Grix was given.
Gareth Ellis - Shoulder charge grading
The next case I've identified is simply one where I think a better explanation of the grading given would help fans and observers understand the distinctions made by the panel when assessing incidents. The case in question involves Gareth Ellis (ON/185/14). It was a Grade C shoulder charger for which the player accepted a 2 match ban by submitting an early guilty plea.

My question is over the description though. The case file says "Shoulder Charge - Indirect or secondary contact with the head of an attacking player", which under the guidelines could be an B-D graded offence. However, there have been six cases that the panel charged players with shoulder charge offences, two Grade B and four Grade C.

In the Grade B cases the players were noted to have made secondary or indirect head contact, just like Ellis. In all the other Grade C charges direct head contact was noted. That would indicate to me that Ellis' offence should have been a Grade B so he served a longer ban than he should have. For this type of thing, where the grading is different to other similarly described offences, it would be good to get an explanation why the more severe grading was applied.
Ben Westwood - Dangerous throw inconsistencies
The next one to consider is a dangerous throw offence made by Ben Westwood (ON/404/14), charged with a Grade D offence and receiving a 3 match ban (the lower end of the normal range). Really, its fairer to say that this is about the wider treatment of dangerous throw offences and Westwood's case is just the one that brought something to my attention.

As noted earlier in this piece, the dangerous throw has been an area of particular focus since the horrible career-ending Alex McKinnon injury in the NRL in March. However, there were still only ten charges and nine cautions in the 79 dangerous throw incidents reviewed.

Now, I'm not the first or only person to question the RFL disciplinary process over this type of tackle this season - the different treatment of Justin Poore (ON/200/14) compared to that of a group of Widnes players (ON/177/14, ON/180/14, ON/181/14) for a similar offence on the same weekend brought much discussion on this back in March for example. When you review the videos of the incidents, it's hard to disagree, and I can't improve on what was already said on these tackles.

The thing that interested me about Westwood's case is the note from the tribunal that the rule states that it is not how an opponent lands but what is the likely outcome given the technique used that constitutes a dangerous throw. This was in response to Warrington's not guilty plea, arguing that as the player (Scott Anderson) landed on his back and not his head or neck then it doesn't meet the definition of a dangerous lift. The tribunal were in fact correct and Karl Fitzpatrick, on behalf of Warrington and Westwood, was incorrect - the rules say that a dangerous throw occurs when the player is put in a position where the likely first part to hit the floor is the head or the neck ('the dangerous position'), so the point of landing doesn't matter as long as the likelihood of the head or the neck being that in the lift occurs.

Whilst the tribunal were in this case correct, you can understand Warrington's confusion given that in the write up for the Justin Poore case states "A dangerous throw requires contact with the ground by the head or neck of the opponent" - it doesn't, they just need to be the likely landing point during the tackle/lift/throw.

The bigger question the point made in the Westwood case raises though, is why so many cases were looked at with no charge, with a specific note in the case details being made to the player landing safely or the tackle ending safely. All but one (and I'll get to that one!) of the cases looked at by the panel where no charge or caution was issued mentioned how the player landed safely. However, if the outcome is not that significant to the tribunal, should more charges have been made by the panel? Should at least more cautions be issued? Or should Westwood have been served with a lower grade of offence? All pertinent questions that I feel this case raises for the disciplinary to answer.

Back first to the three Widnes players, who were only given a caution for their dangerous lift where all three contributed in different ways. Four of the Grade B charges we saw this year for this offence included a note that the other tackler's actions were part of the problem, so I don't understand why these three Widnes players didn't get treated the same way as the other four players charged in similar circumstances.

Now, that one case where no action was taken but the safe landing of the opponent wasn't mentioned. It was Liam Sutcliffe of Leeds (ON/679/14) and the panel decided that there was no lifting motion but the head did hit the floor. In this case I would have thought player safety aspect of a tackle that resulted in the head landing on the ground should have been a factor that although no lift was used should still warrant some sort of caution anyway as the result was clearly unsafe.

My view is I wouldn't have any issue with more charges being made on this type of offence, even ones that involve players from the team I support. For example, Dom Crosby only received a caution after Magic Weekend (ON/380/14) for an incident that had the following description: "Dangerous Throw – Other tackler’s actions part of the problem. Player does lift leg of opponent beyond the horizontal however player lands safely on upper back". I don't think landing on the upper back is at all safe and I think the description should be extended to include upper back risk as well as head and neck.

When charges have been made, bans have been fairly severe and grading for such offences reflects the potential for serious injury. I think its time we started taking them even more seriously. Bad accidents happen in Rugby League, but there is no need to lift a player over the horizontal and put them in a position that just makes them more likely.
Macgraff Leuluai - Contact to the head and duty of care
This incident is more recent than some discussed here, so will be fresher in readers mind. Now, I admit, I felt a red card for this incident would have been harsh at the time, although I now am of the mind that a ban may have been appropriate on the grounds of the duty of care a defending player has to the attacker, particularly our skillful ball-playing attackers like fullbacks and half-backs who really we pay to watch entertain us with their skills.

Leuluai was assessed for a high tackle (ON/804/14), rather than a shoulder charge as some on social media felt it should be classified. I agree it wasn't a shoulder charge, there was no rotation of the body and arms were not tucked by Leuluai's side. There was however contact to the head as part of a normal tackle motion, so high tackle to me is reasonable. Indeed, the description of the incident says: "Player makes legitimate attempt to tackle and makes contact direct to the head of opponent". In an apparent explanation of why there was no charge it goes on to say: "however opponent is dipping while trying to re-gather ball".

Immediately I thought of a comparison to a similarly recent red card offence for St Helens' Alex Walmsley (ON/782/14). Originally seen as a Grade C shoulder charge by the panel, the tribunal regraded the offence as a Grade B careless high tackle, Walmsley getting a 1 match ban. The reasoning for the decision noted the following: "The tackling player has a duty of care towards the opponent and has to be aware of all the circumstances". On reflection of this it would be my view that Leuluai would have the same duty of care to a dipping player as Walmsley had to a shorter player (St Helens' defence, that the tribunal and indeed most people, would not accept).

If this incident had been charged in the guidelines of a Grade A or B 'careless high tackle - ball carrier dips' I don't think there would have been too many complaints, especially with the aggravating factor of potential for serious injury that was a factor in the tribunal's decision on Walmsley - an incident where in fact less injury resulted than the Leuluai one.

Whilst talking about high tackles I would talk about another couple of cases where I think there is some inconsistency. Before I go on, I will state that this is not based on bias, let the charge details speak for themselves:
Case ON/174/14: "Rule – 15.1(b) Detail – Reckless – tried to tackle but reckless about outcome Grade - B"
Case ON/108/14: "Rule – 15.1(b) Detail – Reckless – tried to tackle but reckless about outcome Grade - C"

They look pretty similar don't they, apart from the grading. The first one is Jon Wilkin of St Helens. The second is Michael McIlorum of Wigan. My contention isn't with the three match ban for McIlorum (hence why I say no bias), the aggravating factor of the injury caused, combined with his poor historic record meant it was merited. But why was Wilkin's graded differently is my contention. From the descriptions of the events I don't understand the different grades so feel it's reasonable to suggest inconsistency here:
Wilkin: "The Panel reviewed an incident which occurred in approximately the 5th minute of the above Match. In the Panel’s opinion in attempting to tackle your opponent (Riley) you were reckless about the outcome and made contact with the head of your opponent. The Panel believed that your actions were unnecessary and had the potential to cause your opponent injury."
McIlorum: "The Panel reviewed an incident which occurred in approximately the 10th minute of the above Match. In the Panel’s opinion in attempting to tackle your opponent (Dixon) you were reckless about the outcome and made contact with the head of your opponent. The Panel believed that you had the full body of your opponent to aim at and that your actions had the potential to cause your opponent injury"

One final point on high tackles. A lot appear to get no charge because either the tackler is reaching, light contact is made or initial contact is with another part of the body or ball before the head. This to me is fair enough on review and its good that a tough stance is at least being taken on head contact almost always earning a penalty (unless unfortunately missed by the officials) - it is a key player safety concern to limit head contact - but in a fast physical contact sport accidental head contact can happen and it isn't right to punish that with bans every time.

An issue I have though is the complete lack of cautions being issued. Now, innocent accidental contact happens and I'm not saying caution every player guilty of head contact, but where a player is regularly committing penalties of this nature and having cases reviewed they should get some formal caution. Where a player is a serial high tackle offender (say three or more cases reviewed in the same season) then it might be appropriate for some formal caution or warning to be put on their record to help encourage them to keep their tackles down and opponents safe - meaning that if they were ever to be charged they wouldn't have a clean disciplinary record for this type of incident. Under this scheme high tackle cautions this season would be sent to Adrian Morley (Salford), Eddy Pettybourne (Wigan), Paddy Flynn (Widnes), Roy Asotasi (Warrington), Sia Soliola (St Helens) and Weller Hauraki (Castleford).
Tommy Lee & Willie Isa - Two charges from the same game
On two occasions in 2014 a player was charged twice in the same game, and both times I'm not certain the outcome was fair.

For Tommy Lee (ON/611/14 & ON/613/14) his first offence was a Grade B shoulder charge for which he was offered and accepted an early guilty plea (EGP), one match ban. His second offence was one-on-one punching Grade A, for which he got no ban but the standard £300 fine. No other players are fined for accepting a charge on an EGP so the single fine is fair. Its also reasonable that he may not have had a ban from a Grade A offence, but in the notes it seems to suggest that part of the reason for this is the ban from the EGP offence:
"It is also noted that the player has already been punished with a one-match suspension for the previous offence. All things considered, the Tribunal feels that no further suspension is required"
To me, it isn't right that a ban for a separate incident (although one did cause the other) is taken as a reason not to ban a player for a second offence. If the incidents took place in different games then this wouldn't be the outcome, so it shouldn't be for incidents in the same game surely?

For Willie Isa (ON/675/14 & ON/676/14) both offences were for different grades of dangerous contact and both earned him a ban, a total of 3 games. However, the tribunal only issued a single fine of £300 on the first offence and no fine for the second offence. There is no explanation why a second fine for the second offence isn't warranted. Again, if the two offences happened in two different games this wouldn't be that outcome so I can't see it is fair as an outcome when two offences occur in the same game.
Matt Diskin & others - Dangerous contact cautions
My question here would be why cautions were issued in a number of cases where the case details were very similar to other cases where no cautions were issued - or more so, its why cautions were not issued for these other similar cases?

This is clearly an area of particular scrutiny and impetus for the disciplinary. Table 2 above shows it was the most looked at type of incident all season long. Correspondingly (though not proportionately) it resulted in the most cautions and charges as well as the most suspensions imposed. So why the inconsistency in the use of the caution?

Matt Diskin's case (ON/428/14) is given particular note as it was one of twelve dangerous contact cases where my old friend DVD inconclusive featured in the details. I can't understand why, with this type of incident getting particular emphasis from the panel and the tribunal, it was the only one of the twelve DVD inconclusive cases to receive a caution.

Here is a selection of the case details from some of the twelve cases:
Matt Diskin (only one cautioned) - "Player does take hold of arm of opponent however DVD inconclusive as to pressure applied."
George Griffin (ON/529/14) - "Player gets opponent into crusher position however does not regrip and is retreating whilst making tackle. DVD inconclusive as to amount and nature of pressure applied"
Harrison Hansen (ON/651/14) - "Player does make direct contact with supporting leg of opponent however DVD inconclusive as to point of contact."
Paul Aiton (ON/196/14) - "Player does make some contact with the arm of opponent however DVD inconclusive as to exact nature of contact."
Setaimata Sa (ON/533/14) - "Player Makes hold on opponent's leg however DVD inconclusive as to amount of pressure applied"
Tommy Lee (ON/164/14) - "Does take hold of opponent around the neck area and maintains grip. DVD inconclusive as to the nature of contact as the tackle ends."
Vincent Duport (ON/734/14) - "Player gets opponent into crusher opposition however player attempts to make room for opponent and DVD inconclusive as to force applied."
William Barthau (ON/095/14) - "Arm is taken and held but DVD inconclusive regarding the level and nature of any force."

Can anyone explain the difference that earned Matt Diskin a formal caution over his technique but not the others? I'm struggling to understand why. I know a caution isn't a ban and we've seen they can be disregarded a little when making a decision but at the same time this is an important area of emphasis for player safety and cases are being handled differently, quite clearly. It isn't just the DVD inconclusive cases, there are a number of similar case details for incidents that did not result in any action at all where other incidents that appear to have the same basis earned at minimum a caution. If this is a point of emphasis and concern then all tackle techniques that present any risk of injury should result in cautions.

Alternatively, the same approach as suggested for high tackles could be taken (caution issued after three or more similar cases seen in the same season). 22 players could have potentially have received such cautions in 2014, making them more aware of their technique in time for 2015.
Jamie Peacock - no ban for guilty Grade B offence
Similar to the Scott Grix offence discussed earlier, Jamie Peacock was charged with a Grade B offence (punching - ON/471/14) but received no ban. The major factor in getting no ban was that he has a good record of playing over 500 games and had never had a disciplinary tribunal appearance before this one.

I don't want to appear to be getting at Jamie Peacock here, he has been a great servant to our game and does have a good record. However, I feel his record should not be regarded as being as untarnished as the tribunal felt. Its true that he has never faced the tribunal, but when in game discipline is considered he record is not as clean.

Two cases have been reviewed where it was deemed by the panel that the in match sin-bin he received were sufficient punishment so no referral to the tribunal was needed. One was only the season before this new incident (ON/159/13) and the other, though some time ago, was for the same type of offence he was in front of the tribunal for this year, punching (ON/05/09). Two other instances on record didn't reach the tribunal because the DVD footage the panel had wasn't conclusive enough to draw a charge.

In my view this information, particularly the 2009 punching incident, should have meant his good record credit saw the minimum guideline ban of 1 game apply, rather than the tribunal go outside this with a 0 game ban.

Your cases
As well as me having my tuppence worth on these matters, we've been asking you our listeners and Twitter followers to get in touch with cases you feel were questionable throughout the 2014 season. Before I go through the ones we got, I must say I really enjoyed looking these up and would welcome more of the same - any you send in I will add as we go.
Paul (Warrington fan) @paulw1908 - McIlorum on Laithwaite and Leuluai on Russell, blatant attacks on our players and nothing done about them. Josh Jones on Joel Monaghan is another one - it was a late high shot while Joel was on the floor, we got a penalty but nothing else was done.
I've covered the Leuluai-Russell incident above and agree there is some inconsistency/injustice in that one.

The McIlorum-Laithwaite decision was noted as 'Striking' in the case record (ON/791/14) although reads to me more like it should have been noted as 'Late tackle' so I've looked over the records for both offence types. In this situation the details on the records for similar cases suggest the error was on part of the match official not awarding a penalty, but the disciplinary panel view was consistent with other cases - where there is a late tackle but no contact to the head and no illegal shoulder charge then there has been no charge or ban handed out:
McIlorum - "Player makes late contact with opponent however does not use illegal Shoulder Charge. No contact with the head. Worthy of on field penalty."
Jeff Lima (ON/507/14) - "Tackle is late, however is no contact with head. Worthy of on field penalty."
Sia Soliola (ON/242/14) - "Not an illegal Shoulder Charge. Tackle is marginally late however no contact with the head."
Willie Isa (ON/066/14) - "Player does make attempt to make a tackle however attempt is very late. Player does not use illegal shoulder charge and there is no contact with the head. Penalty sufficient."
Willie Manu (ON/528/14) - "Tackle is late but no contact with head. Penalty sufficient."
Shaun Lunt (ON/723/14) - "Tackle is marginally late however contact is across chest"

Whilst it was a big shame that injury was suffered following the late hit, and its clear a penalty could well have been awarded for the late hit, the panel would see head contact as the main issue when thinking whether or not to charge the player and as that wasn't a part of the tackle I think the call was at least consistent with all the similar incidents that were reviewed. I suppose the question mark may be, given the injury suffered to the head when Laithwaite hit the floor (and not because of the point of the tackle), should there be more emphasis and crack down on late hits that have the potential to indirectly cause injury for 2015 and beyond if a player safety issue is being highlighted?

The Jones on Monaghan incident (ON/758/14) isn't one I remember and isn't the type of incident you would easily find footage of, so I'm limited in being able to compare it with other cases. Based on the case record it was considered as possible striking but the Panel decided it was a legitimate tackle attempt and a penalty for the high tackle element was sufficient.

Based on Paul's recollections I can only off the top of my head think of one similar offence, where there was head contact in a tackle on a player on the floor. That was Benjamin Garcia on Sam Powell (ON/589/14) where he hit him on the floor during a fiery period in the game and was sin-binned following a team warning being issued. The case details were slightly different in that they decided it was a swinging arm by Garcia, not a legitimate tackle attempt, but they couldn't conclude head contact like they did in Jones' case.

With the lack of further examples of similar I'm struggling to say how consistent the panel dealt with the Jones case. It reads as being fair based on how high tackles are treated, although as I've said above I feel it might be time to be tougher on these offences.
Mark (Leeds fan) @markstevo72 - Bowen high tackle, late hit on Aiton v Saints, Carvell tackle when he ended up in a neck brace, Moon getting two games but Walmsley only one.
A few good ones to go at so thanks for these Mark.

I assume the Bowen incident referred to is the one in the season opener where Wigan hosted Huddersfield (ON/020/14). One thing to note on this one is the details of the case are as long as any details for a no charge outcome, maybe they just had more time on their hands early doors. I've copied the details out below with some key words highlighted:
"Late tackle on opponent after opponent has kicked the ball. Defender maintains contact with floor with one foot and does not jump in to contact. Initial contact is with shoulder which then causes the arm to slide up under the chin of the attacker. Defender has open hand throughout the tackle. Penalty sufficient."

Not excusing this bad tackle, which was fully worthy of the on field penalty and given it was also arguably so late it was off the ball I wouldn't have argued against a harsher in game punishment. However, I think the panel who have longer to look over the incident made a consistent call based on their assessment of it. 23 high tackle offences scrutinised mention initial contact being off or around the attacking player's shoulder being a factor in a penalty being sufficient and no charge being made, so that is consistent. There are also four other cases that make specific reference to the tackler having an open hand, all of which resulted in no charge being made. So again, on that basis its reasonable to suggest consistency here.

(Note: I accept it could be argued there was very minimal shoulder contact as the arm rose, but then there was no direct head contact either - a red card with Grade A charge and no additional ban may have been a fairer call. Further note: the game Bowen would have missed, the World Club Challenge, has been widely regarded by Wigan fans as Bowen's worst game this year!)

The Carvell case referred to was a tackle on him by Wakefield's Chris Annakin (ON/756/14). The tackle caused Carvell to leave the game and he went to hospital experiencing pin and needles, where whilst in care he tweeted a picture of himself wearing a neck brace. It was an incident I remembered the fall out from (a League Express journalist was criticised for making it his top tackle in that game) but I couldn't recall the actual tackle - so I found it on YouTube.

The details note that "Player lifts legs of opponent above the horizontal however opponent lands on his side.". Carvell does indeed land on his side.


However, at the point of this still-shot I would refer back to the rules noted earlier - a dangerous throw occurs when the player is put in a position where the likely first part to hit the floor is the head or the neck. At this point there is a clear lift and there has to be a definite player safety concern from the position Carvell in placed in. When the video rolls on the lift actually becomes more pronounced with both legs going over the horizontal, but as Carvell has released the ball he is also able to put an arm down to help break his fall to the floor in the end.

I'm surprised there was no charge, although you could probably freeze-frame a number of similar cases and come to the same conclusion so in that way maybe it isn't inconsistent, unfortunately. If there had been a charge then Annakin would have seen a second ban of the season for this type of offence. In fact, he had a ban in 2012, a caution in 2013 and a 5 game ban in 2014, so Annakin does have to take a serious look at his technique one would reckon.

The Joel Moon (ON/724/14 - video) and Alex Walmsley question Mark raised (ON/782/14 - video), simply based on the case records, is an easy one to answer - the tribunal agreed with the panel that Moon's was a shoulder charge with direct head contact (a charge to which Moon pleaded guilty and the Leeds club and coach conceded was an illegal tackle though out of character), but the tribunal decided Walmsley's was a careless high tackle and not a shoulder charge - it was clear the arms were out in an attempt to wrap the attacker up and there was no rotation of the body, unlike Moon's case where he led with the shoulder.

The guidelines say any shoulder charge with direct initial contact to the head is a minimum Grade C offence, so based on that and the fact that Joel Moon did make direct contact to the head with a shoulder charge means he was given the right grade and the lowest punishment in the guidelines based on all considerations.

The guidelines also say a careless high tackle should be graded A-B, so in that respect Walmsley was given the higher grade for the offence the tribunal found him guilty of and based on mitigating factors got the minimum ban for that grading.

On the face of it the guidelines were followed so the decisions were fair and consistent. Certainly it seems reasonable in hindsight that they were judged as different offences - shoulder charge and high tackle respectively - so that is why they were assessed differently. However, I would question why it was seen as careless and not reckless on the part of Alex Walmsley.

The 'Careless' descriptions are:
A-B Careless – flat hand off balance
A-B Careless - Ball carrier dips
A-B Careless - Stepped and reaching
A-B Careless – initial contact with ball or chest
A-B Careless – second tackler in – wrapping tackle up

The reckless ones are:
B-C Reckless – tackler in control
B-C Reckless – tried to tackle but reckless about outcome

Surely the highlighted one would best describe this offence more than any of the careless ones. The outcome could still have been Grade B and 1 match ban, it just would have seemed more in line with the guidelines that way to me. It does seem strange that the outcome of the cases was different when effectively the danger to the opponents safety was the same in both, but I suppose key is Moon used an illegal technique whereas Walmsley poorly executed a legal technique.

Thanks for those ones Mark, really enjoyed looking in to those case. Unfortunately it doesn't look like any late hit on Paul Aiton was considered by the Match Review Panel so it falls out of scope for discussion here.
Paul (Widnes fan) @pob1976 - Incident between Paddy Flynn and Justin Carney at Castleford. Flynn EGP, 2 match ban. Carney no EGP due to previous record, 2 match ban..
I think an important thing to mention on this case is the availability of the EGP doesn't necessarily mean you deserve a lesser ban than other players charged with the same offence.

Paddy Flynn (ON/403/14) accepted the EGP, effectively accepting guilt for the Grade C charge without having to face the tribunal which would also incur a £300 fine for him to pay. Justin Carney (ON/402/14) also accepted guilt for the Grade C offence, but he didn't have the opportunity to bypass the tribunal hearing that brings with it a £300 fine.

So in effect Carney was treated the same as Flynn in getting a 2 match ban after accepting guilt. The lack of an EGP for Carney shouldn't automatically mean his admission of guilt isn't treated in the same way as Flynn's in my view. It was also noted that Flynn was the aggressor and the instigator of the fight - he caught Carney high a couple of times then nudged him in the face at the play of the ball and although Carney landed the first proper punch, Flynn had his fists up first. That mitigated things for Carney too.

The surprise to me was his previous record of two bans for similar punching offences in the previous 15 months, plus a formal warning over future conduct weren't taken as aggravating factors that meant he got the maximum ban. This of course has nothing to do with the Flynn incident, but is what I would have expected when other cases saw the tribunal report poor previous record as a factor in awarding maximum bans for gradings applied - 6 out of 10 cases in 2014 where a maximum ban was imposed noted previous poor records as a factor in the decision, including a subsequent case involving Carney. On that basis at least you might suggest some inconsistency on the part of the disciplinary committee.
Phil (Wakefield fan) @winitycats - What about the two match ban for Dean Collis earlier in the year for nothing at all.
We went to the game Dean Collis earned this charge from (ON/036/14) but were a little away from the tackle, which I do remember caused Lee Gaskell a fairly serious knee ligament injury, so I looked it up and got this screen grab from some YouTube footage.

Collis was charged for dangerous contact and this picture does suggest he has attacked Gaskell around the knee as the third man in to the tackle.

I wouldn't think Collis intended to injure Gaskell but the charge was for a breach of Rule 15.1(i) - "A defending player, in effecting a tackle, makes dangerous contact (either direct or indirect) with the supporting leg or legs of an attacking player who has been held in the tackle and who is deemed to be in a vulnerable position, in a way that involves an unacceptable risk of injury to that player. Grade - C".

I think the picture suggests the charge was met and it is worth noting Collis was offered and accepted an EGP for the charge, which resulted in injury as noted. On the basis of injury being caused and guilt being accepted and not challenged by Collis or Wakefield I think its hard to say there was nothing in it.

What has to be questioned though was whether Collis was treated consistently with others? A number of others charges for the same offence were made in 2014 after it was agreed there would be renewed focus on this type of tackle for this season. The only one I could find a shot of was this Steve Rapira one that brought only a Grade B charge (ON/126/14 - EGP offered and accepted). Thankfully Alex Gerrard wasn't injured. My opinion, both should have had a charge but should also have had the same grade as each other. Possibly some inconsistency here.
Luke (Castleford) @lukedorn - I can think of one other...
I can only imagine our friend Luke from Castleford is referring to an incident he was intimately involved in. In fact, I'm surprised no one else brought it up given the outrage that stirred around it at the time - Kevin Sinfield's red card and subsequent two game ban for a head butt (ON/617/14).

In reality, this wasn't that controversial. Based on the guidelines a full contact head butt is a Grade C offence. With his good record Sinfield was afforded an EGP, which he accepted for the two match ban any other player in the same circumstances would have been given.

I can't see anything other than this being a correct and consistent decision by the Panel given the guidelines they have to follow. Gary Hetherington, Leeds Chief Exec, disagreed: "“Unfortunately this is another example of the pattern of inconsistency displayed by the Review Panel of the RFL,” he said. “Earlier this year, Hull KR’s Kris Welham was charged with an unprovoked head-butt and received a Grade A charge and no suspension."

Welham's butt (ON/086/14) was also on Luke Dorn (what is it about his face?) but was deemed to be light contact by the panel. The video shows it more on the side of Dorn's head so it wasn't full contact, that much is clear. The guidelines for this would be Grade A-B, so again they went with the guidelines on this case, which was clearly different from the Sinfield one.
Ben Flower and Lance Hohaia - striking
I thought that all but finalising some of the numbers this piece was written. I was happy with that. Then it all kicked off at Old Trafford and one final re-write was needed. Its an incident that has been covered at great length and across all media, so I'll try to not dwell on it too much here, and I don't intend to include the footage or images, we've seen it enough.

Lance Hohaia's forearm strike (ON/830/14) on Ben Flower was bad, but not something we don't occasionally see the like of in a game of rugby league, he had been a little roughed up on the kick chase and he reacted, initiating the major flare up. There was direct head contact, he ran in from a distance, and whilst there was some provocation from Flower on the kick chase it didn't warrant the reaction in my view. I personally don't feel the Panel followed the grading guidelines by giving a Grade B charge. The Grade B forearm/elbow striking offences don't tally with Hohaia's actions as well as "Strikes with elbow off ball reckless" that could be Grade C-E. I would have charged Hohaia with a C. He had the option of an EGP and that would have meant a 2 game ban. I'm not sure if the Panel were influenced by other factors here but it shouldn't slip under the radar completely that they appear to have gone off guidelines in this call. I would not have questioned it if a Tribunal had been held and they felt there were enough mitigating factors to lower the tariff as we have seen that happen before and can be reasonably explained.

Ben Flower's first punch wasn't nice, but again isn't something we never see on a rugby league field and was arguably warranted as a reaction to the striking attack on him. If it was that incident in isolation the guideline descriptions for some Grade A or B offences could have been reasonable: "Reaction to opponent – lashing out" or "Punching – self defence" maybe. But sadly for all involved in rugby league, it didn't end there (ON/831/14).

That second punch on a prone Lance Hohaia unable to defend himself was landed. Its an image I don't want to see again. It was as bad as anything I have seen watching a Super League game and it was awarded the largest ban handed out in the Super League era for an on field offence. Grade F means a minimum of 8 games and the maximum is open ended as the tribunal can apply a period suspension.

The key wording from the report is this section: "This was a flagship game watched by a large audience. The player lost his temper and delivered two blows. The second blow was whilst the opponent was defenceless on the ground. The player can be seen to pin the opponent to the ground and then deliver the second blow. This had the potential for serious injury. On this occasion serious injury did not follow although the opponent did not return to the field of play. The reality of the situation is the actions of this player was malicious and intentional and in the opinion of this Tribunal have been graded correctly at Grade F the most serious grading."

The profile of the event and the wider impact this has had on the view of the sport are in my view would be legitimate aggravating factors to this ban. The outcome was 6 months, which means 13 games, including the World Club Series and 10 Super League fixtures. It should also see him come back after the first Wigan-Saints derby of 2015, a sensible call in my view. As I feel it was as bad as I've seen and has as big a ban as has been given, I'm off the position that the Flower decision, essentially for that second punch, was reasonable. It is hard to compare if it is consistent because I have not seen a player pin down and hit an unconscious opponent before in the RFL data considered (or from what I could recall from watching the sport).

I am surprised no one else was charged. Even the match officials in the #AskTheRefs session after the game stated that Paul Wellens punched Ben Flower and I'm sure those reviewing the match could have found others from both sides possibly offending and at least deserving further scrutiny if not charges.

I must say I'm very disappointed to have had to end on such an emotive, recent and divisive incident that in truth I feel we should just move on from. There are a very wide range of views on this incident that I've read and I'm sure many others that I haven't read. I suppose all I can say to reflect my own view is the clubs involved have both supported the outcome. Its a tough one to talk about, and one I hope we won't see enough cases like in future to even establish if they dealt with it consistently, because that would mean more negative images we don't want to see.

Conclusion
So what conclusions have I drawn and what do I think should change. Firstly, I think the record keeping is poor and when some cases might depend on it or observers views are informed by it then it needs to be better, and with the records should be included footage of the incident considered - especially where a charge is made.

I don't think there is any compelling evidence of systemic bias. In general, the players who have bad records get bigger bans regardless of the club they play for. Incidents that are obviously bad or have caused significant injury or damage are more likely to attract the highest gradings and longest bans, regardless of who the player is or who they play for. Very few appeals are made which indicates the clubs must have some level of support in the system despite a number of public criticisms from representatives of the clubs.

There is an element of inconsistency seen in some of the decisions and there is also an element of inconsistency between the different offences that can have a similar end result getting viewed more differently than this warrants - I'm talking really about potential for head injury with shoulder charges being apparently graded on a different scale to high or dangerous tackles.

There should be more warnings and more longer suspensions in my view. We need to take more seriously those incidents with serious potential to injure a player or harm the sport in a wider context. 79 charges only resulted in 117 games missed through suspension and only 11 cases resulted in the full possible punishment being handed out. The process needs to take more cases as seriously as it took Ben Flower's case. That is not to compare all cases to Ben Flower's case or suggest more Grade F charges should have been handed out, but it is to say that stronger stances need to be taken across the piece to make the process more robust.

I think a greater level of identification of how the Panel have followed the guidelines in their charges, and why the Tribunal may have or may not have followed the normal range of punishment, would help clear things up for clubs and supporters, if not always appease them.

I also think there should be (if there is not already) a monthly disciplinary forum where all those involved with the process meet with the coaches, chairmen and players union representatives to get together and discuss cases where there may be some uncertainty or question marks. Some formal structure and governance to these meetings would be needed so it isn't just a case of clubs bringing their own bans to the table and trying to get a backtrack from the RFL - they have the appeals process for this. This would be for the RFL Compliance Department to draw up I suppose.

It is an interesting process with lots to consider and I have by and large enjoyed writing this essay, because that's what it has become. I've come away feeling the process has holes but not feeling it should be torn up and started again. The RFL need to make a number of things more robust, more definite and easier to understand for the disgruntled fan, but they do have an idea of a system that with some tightening up I would feel will truly be fit for purpose.

I know this has been a long one but thanks for reading and I hope you found it worthwhile. Don't forget to stay in touch with us on Facebook and Twitter and keep up with our latest shows by following on Spreaker or subscribing on iTunes - all the links you need are in the sidebar.

Mark
Super League Pod